MANGROVES IMPORTANCE IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT IN THE PERSPECTIVES OF KARACHI COASTLINE

Abstract

The dissertation offerd benefits opportunities and challenges to investors, stakeholders and environmental mangers. In the Pakistan forest of mangroves is located in littoral zone some time known as foreshore, seashore and intertidal zone. The ((Saenger et al, 2018)) pointed out that mangroves are also used for charcoal, timber, clipboard, glues and alchohal production. The dissertation also support to existing strategic and economic objectives of state by enhancing production methods. The presence of mangroves forest is cause of less erosion and protect intertidal sediment, at the cities are newly built mangrove forest directly effect to their health, marine ecosystem and wave attenuating capacity. In the dissertation we adopted specific approach for treatment of data from December 2017 to till date. The respondents group is selected on bases of education, gender, experience and position in the organization, the privacy of responses will be maintained strictly. The data is collected through questionnaire and research falls qualitative in nature. Mangroves directly effect to our marine environment we tested its viability and GHG model with WWF and some other official environmental agencies. The senate standing committee told that Karachi receives around 500 million gallons of water every day and subsequently, an equal quantity of polluted water is dumped into the sea on a daily basis. The seabirds combine with the mangroves trees are play an important role in the enhancement of costal tourism in the region. The peak quantity reduction of water level required better mangroves jungle around the coast line (Mclvor et al, 2012), in these way little changes in water depth save maximum areas from flood and storm danger. The top management inclined 88% to save the mangroves jungle for the shelter of seabirds, on the other hand 66% and 59% simultaneously from middle management and lower mangers as well as. The detail graph of all participants is appended below. The natural barrier of mangroves jungle is effective enough that it can impact on heavy wind anywhere in between 13% to 66% over 100m vide mangrove jungle along the coast line. There is biggest dilemma to find out the changes in rainfall pattern and link with the sea rise level, the monitoring is therefore crucial for adoption and management of changes in the Karachi coast.