Geological Mapping and Structural Analysis of a Part of Kala-Chitta Range, Khawre Khwar, Kahi Village, Nizampur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (P-0963) (MFN 5536)

Abstract

The study area Kahi village in the north-west of Kala Chitta Ranges which is deformed, along which the Attock Cherat and Margala Hill Ranges also touch the boundaries .The study area is in the Upper Indus Basin.Kala Chitta is the part of thrust belt and active Himalayan Foreland fold .Southward is in series of top to south thrust imbricates along Main boundary Thrustformulate the regional fault system of North Pakistan.The direction of major tectonic transport seems to be north to south and the area has undergone two consecutive phases of deformations. In the first phase mainly forethrusts were formed while in the second phase folds and back-thrusts were produced. As a whole, the study area presents the structures of a typical foreland fold. According to present study there is seven Formations in the study area with age from Jurassic to Paleocene .According to Stratigraphic study from bottom to top comprised of Jurassic Rocks of undifferentiated Datta, Shinawari and Samana Suk Formation succeeded by Cretaceous Lumshiwal and Kawagarh Formation while the Paleocene is Lockhart Limestone ant Patala Formation mainly composed of Limestone, Shale, Sand stone and marls. Study area is very highly deformed due to Compressional Stresses which is related to Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) System in the north of the study area.Compressional stresses produced large and small scale Folds .The Faults of study area is dipping towards North and South and Trend is East-West. The folds have Symmetrical and Asymmetrical, Anticline and Synclines both limbs are mostly truncated by fore-thrusts and back-thrusts. The area is highly fractured and the fracture pattern of the area is indicative of Himalayan deformation .The structural Geometry of that area is very complex.