Abstract:
Applying uni¯ed formula while computing point addition and doubling provides immunity to Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) against power analysis attacks (a type of side channel attack). One of the popular techniques providing this uni¯edness is the Binary Hu® Curves (BHC) which got attention in 2011. In this paper we are presenting highly optimized architectures to implement point multiplication (PM) on the standard NIST curves over GFð2163Þ and GFð2233Þ using BHC. To achieve a high throughput over area ratio, ¯rst of all, we have used a simpli¯ed arithmetic and logic unit. Secondly, we have reduced the time to compute PM through Double and Add algorithm. This is achieved by increasing the frequency of operation through a 2-stage pipelined architecture. The increase in clock cycles caused by consequent pipeline hazards is controlled through optimal scheduling of computations involved in PM. The synthesis results show that our designs can work up to a frequency of 377MHz on Xilinx Virtex 7 FPGA. Moreover, the overall throughput/area ratio achieved through the adopted approach is up to 20% higher while comparing with available state-of-the-art solutions.
