MONITORING AND CONTROLLING OF FISH FARM

Abstract

Fish Farming is the process of raising fish in an enclosed area for use in the fishing industry i A farm can be built on land or over naturally occurring bodies of water According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the world production in 2005 consisted of 93.2 million tonnes captured by commercial fishing in wild fisheries, plus 48.1 million tonnes produced by fish farms i In Japan, coastal fish farming has become a well-established industry. Intensive cultivation of , finfish, however, generates large amounts of organic waste and nutrients, resulting in environmental deterioration in and around aquaculture facilities. Such negative effects have become increasingly conspicuous since the commencement of fish farming in the mid 1960s and its subsequent rapid development during the 1970s and 1980s. Various studies have attempted to measure the material fluxes in fish farms, to assess the potential environmental impacts, to determine criteria for the optimization of the location of farms and production levels, and to establish methods for improvement of aquaculture environments. In this review, research conducted during the last five decades in Japan concerning the flux of feed, environmental impacts of fish farming, factors controlling the degree of impacts, the upper limit of production and methods for improvement of environments is reviewed and current concerns for aquaculture environments discussed. Fish farming or pisciculture involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. It is the principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall under mariculture. A facility that releases juvenile fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement a species' natural numbers is generally referred to as a fish hatchery. Demand is increasing for fish and fish.protein, which has resulted in widespread overfishing in wild fisheries. China provides 62% of the world's farmed fish. .As of 2016, more than 50% of seafood was produced by aquaculture. The 2008 global returns for fish farming recorded by the FAO totaled 33.8 million tonnes worth about $US 60 billion