Mobility Management in VANETs using Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy networks

Abstract

Traffic accidents on the road cause losses of thousands of lives, injuries and huge material damages every year due to violations. Having an efficient way to detect violations could be helpful to reduce such incidents. Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) belongs to a class of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). VANETs are distributed, self-organizing communication networks built up by moving vehicles. In VANETs, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication plays a significant role in providing a high level of safety to passengers. Efficient routing is a key research challenge in VANETs. RPL is proposed by working group of Internet Engineering Task force (IETF) for routing in Internet of Things (IoT). RPL mainly targets IPv6 collection-based networks, where nodes periodically send measurements to an access point (AP). RPL creates a tree based Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) of the network topology for routing. A key feature of RPL is that it represents a specific routing solution for low power and lossy networks (LLNs). Sensors equipped in vehicles for traffic condition monitoring and vehicle status monitoring represent mobile LLNs. Due to rapid growth of wireless devices, several challenges need to be addressed especially in case of mobile networks. The mobile environment in LLNs is characterized by frequent disconnections in topology, significant limitations of bandwidth, limited energy resources and fast-changing locations. RPL offers many design elements for routing in mobile networks so it can be fine-tuned for VANETs. This work presents, mobility management in RPL for VANETS to address Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) traffic scenarios. The proposed work is designed to be highly adaptive to network conditions which provide multiple routes, whenever default routes are insufficient in data reporting. The proposed scheme presents a mechanism to disseminate information over dynamically changing network topology. In addition, simulation results depicts that proposed scheme is capable to reduce hand off delay and provide maximum connectivity during network failures.