AI-Driven Detection and Classification of Retinal Disease Using Deep Learning

Abstract

This study examines that diabetic retinopathy, a significant cause of vision impairment in individuals with diabetes, could plausibly be identified earlier through the analysis of retinal images via important automated methods given that manual screening may well suggest inconsistent results, particularly when detecting subtle abnormalities such as microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and exudates. Moreover, the evidence may indicate that these critical diagnostic challenges support the need for a deep-learning–based system that demonstrates the use of EfficientNet-B3 and ResNet-18 architectures for multi-level classi fication. However, findings may show both models trained on retinal fundus data achieve strong results. Thus, results could indicate accuracies of 95 percent with EfficientNet-B3 and 94 percent with ResNet-18. Furthermore, the study may suggest the system provides an intuitive web interface that enables users to upload retinal images and obtain classifi cation results. In light of the significant findings, this critical system could demonstrate that automating the detection workflow may support reduced clinical workload, increased screening precision, and expanded access to important reliable eye-care diagnostics, par ticularly in underserved communities. Nevertheless, findings may indicate this key study could support timely identification and continuous monitoring of diabetic retinopathy, helping reduce the global impact of the disease and improving patient outcomes.