Abstract:
Hepatic steatosis, or the buildup of extra fat in the liver, is a hallmark of nonalcoholic
fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a group of liver disorders that affect people who drink little
or no alcohol. Metabolic risk factors like obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and
dyslipidemia are frequently linked to it. NAFLD is usually diagnosed when fat
accumulation is <5% in hepatocytes. In addition to fat accumulation, NASH, the more
serious kind of NAFLD, additionally comprises injury to hepatocytes and liver
inflammation, with or without fibrosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, and severe
fibrosis can develop from NASH. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that
642 million adults worldwide will have diabetes mellitus (DM) by 2040, rising from the
422 million adults who had it in 2014.T2DM is a substantial contributor to morbidity and
mortality and places a heavy financial strain on the healthcare systems of the world . It
is characterized by a combination of inherited and environmental factors that results in
relative insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance. NAFLD AND T2DM both are highly
prevalent disease worldwide. According to research both have a strong relation .there are
many studies that proven the relation between them globally, nonetheless, there are still
discrepancies in research and clinical awareness, particularly in low- and middle-income
countries, like Pakistan. We aim to detect the prevalence of NAFLD or NASH in T2DM
and pre-diabetic patients. The study was conducted in NMC hospital located in Karachi,
Pakistan. The patients were enrolled from the diabetic clinic, after consent was taken ,
questionnaire was filled with vitals and anthropometric measurement was taken ,the
patient then send for blood sampling followed by ultrasound abdomen. According to our
study we found that Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was 17.9% and 82.1%
among pre-diabetes and diabetes patients respectively whereas prevalence of Non
alcoholic steatohepatitis was 0% and 100% among pre-diabetes and diabetes patients
respectively. We found significant association of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with age
group. Additionally, We found significant difference for age (p<0.001), LDL (p=0.006),
ALT (p<0.001), AST (p<0.001) and ALT/AST ratio (p<0.001) according to non
alcoholic fatty liver disease.
