Forensic, Pharmacological, and Public Health Analysis of ECP-Induced Abortions in Punjab: A 100-Case Study on Demographic Patterns, Medico-Legal Consequences, and Community Health Impacts

Abstract

Objective: Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are widely used in Pakistan, yet their misuse for induced abortions raises significant forensic, pharmacological, and public health concerns. This study investigates the demographic profiles, medical outcomes, and legal implications of ECP-induced abortions in Punjab. Duration of Study: November 2023 to October 2024. Place of Study: Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal. Methodology: A cross-sectional analysis of 100 women presenting with complications from suspected ECP-induced abortions. Data were collected via structured interviews, medical records, and toxicological assays to detect ECP metabolites. Results: Key findings included high rates of incomplete abortions (68%), hemorrhage (42%), and infections (25%). Toxicological analysis revealed 22% of cases involved adulterated or counterfeit medications. Adolescents (18–24 years) and unmarried women constituted 65% of cases, with 78% lacking awareness of ECP’s proper use. Discussion: The misuse of ECPs correlates with limited healthcare access, stigma, and inadequate regulatory oversight. Forensic findings highlight risks of unregulated pharmaceuticals, while legal ambiguities exacerbate vulnerabilities for women. Conclusion: Strengthening pharmaceutical regulation, expanding sexual health education, and reforming medico-legal frameworks are critical to mitigating risks associated with ECP misuse.