Abstract:
Background: The connection between physiological characteristics, such as blood groups, and cognitive abilities has been the
subject of scientific inquiry.
Objectives: To investigate the possible relationship between blood groups and intelligence levels among medical students.
Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study
Place and Duration: Conducted at HiTech University in Taxila, Punjab from January 2022 to January 2023.
Methods: 240 medical students from HiTech University in Taxila, Punjab, participated in this cross-sectional, analytical study.
Anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D antigens were used to determine blood classification. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition
(SB5) was used to evaluate cognitive abilities in five domains: knowledge, quantitative reasoning, spatial processing, working
memory, and fluid reasoning.
Results: Demographic distributions exhibited significant variations in age, gender, year of study, location, and family
background. Blood group distributions based on gender revealed the higher prevalence of B+ and O+ in females. SB5 domains
exhibited nuanced differences in cognitive performance among participants of different blood groups. Blood group and cognitive
domain correlation coefficients ranged from 0.08 to 0.12, with p-values indicating marginal significance.
Conclusion: The research provided insight into the potential relationship between blood groups and cognitive abilities. It was
found that blood groups are not reliable predictors of cognitive performance, highlighting the need for future research to
evaluate the broader genetic and environmental context.
