Abstract:
Immigration remains a significant part of history from the ancient times until the contemporary era. Sometimes immigrants sought a new land for settlements, some for getting away from the tyrannies of rulers and some for their survival when peaceful lands became battlegrounds for the great powers to have a showdown for their relevancy in international and regional politics. But when there remains no chances of return to the homelands of immigrants and they are in the host states for unpredictable times, then there identity is changed to refugees. This research focuses on the two of very significant stories of immigrants and their host countries, one emerging from the late 20th century and one from the second decade of 21st century. Afghan refugees in Pakistan and Syrian refugees in Türkiye, both these immigrations are from different regions but the very first commonality in their cases studies remains in the fact about that these immigrations resulted from conflict between the two super powers. Syrian public was forced to migrate after Arab Spring was in the Middle East and both USA and Russia were aligning sides with the Rebels and Bashar al Assad respectively. The series of conflict remained a long series of air bombing and tyrannies by the foreign actors as well as the domestic one, which resulted in an immigration to almost every neighboring states, and European countries. At the present, a huge number of Syrian refugees is residing across different parts of Europe and Middle East. For the Afghan Refugees, the situation is a bit different. As there were three influx of Afghan refugees in Pakistan with the last one in 2001, the number has been increasing rapidly. The Afghan refugees in the initial stages of migration have now their second and third generations being raised in Pakistan. There are four influxes of Afghan refugees inside Pakistan that include the first influx after soviet invasion on Afghanistan, second influx after start of first Taliban regime, third influx after the start of war on Terrorism in 2001 and fourth influx after the start of Taliban regime in Afghanistan in mid of August 2021.Refugees from all the influxes will be under study in this research.
