Similar and Non-Similar Solutions of Hybrid Nanofluid Flows Over Different Geometries

Abstract

This thesis discusses the similar and non-similar solutions of the hybrid nanofluid flows over varied geometries. Hybrid nanofluids are more versatile than traditional fluids because they have better heat transfer properties. This makes them highly appropriate for a wide range of applications, such as solar energy systems, power generation, and cooling/heating processes. The geometries discussed in this thesis are wedge, exponential, inclined, and horizontal stretching surfaces. In addition, the dynamics of the hybrid nanoliquid due to a static horizontal sheet are also deliberated. Many theoretical fluid models seek solutions through self-similar and similar solutions. However, these solutions may contain parameters with variable terms. This thesis introduces non-similar solutions, which eliminates the possibility of encountering parameters with variable terms. The unique models presented in this thesis include numerous effects including Newtonian heating (local surface temperature determines how much heat is transferred from the surface), viscous heating (heat produced by the friction of two adjacent layers of fluid), and Joule heating (electrical resistance heating), surface catalyzed reactions (reactions in porous media with homogeneous/heterogeneous reactions), quadratic convection (quadratic density variation with temperature), and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux (finite heat propagation time), etc. The outcomes are delineated through the use of charts and tables. Apart from the literature review, the introduction to the basic terms in the thesis, the future work, the thesis contains a non-similar solution of the comparison of ternary and hybrid nanoliquid flows over a wedge considering the impacts of the quadratic thermal convection and frictional and Newtonian heating in a permeable medium. The work is also supported by the surface-catalyzed in homogeneousheterogeneous (H-H) reactions duo. This is followed by another delicate model presenting a heat transfer comparison of ferromagnetic hybrid nanoliquid flows along an exponentially stretched geometry in a permeable medium influenced by an induced magnetic flux. The consequences of the surface catalyzed in the utilization of the H-H reactions with entropy generation analysis is also considered. Here, a non-similar solution is obtained up to second-order truncation. The third model also deliberates the non-similar solution up to the second-order truncation of a unique model discussing the hybrid nanoliquid flow including carbon nanotubes of both types immersed into the base water over an inclined stretched surface. The analysis is conducted considering the consequences of the quadratic convection amalgamated with viscous dissipation, and non-linear radiative flux with the effects of velocity and thermal slips. Modified Hamilton-Crosser and Xue’s models are considered for the heat transfer analysis. The mechanism of irreversibility is also calculated. The resulting solution of this model is also non-similar. The second last problem examines a comparison of Brinkman, Timofeeva, and Yamada Ota for the particles’ shape thermal efficiency in (C2H6O2)-based hybrid nanoliquid flow through a static geometry with a free stream velocity. The said model also considers the ramifications of the linear radiative heat flux, heat generation, viscous and ohmic dissipations with convective boundary conditions. The last model in the thesis discusses the comparative assessment of heat transmission of mono and hybrid nanoliquid flows along a bidirectional extending surface with prescribed surface temperatures amalgamated with Cattaneo-Christov thermal flux in the incidence of magnetic flux. A similar solution to the computed problem is discussed. The authentication of the outcomes is also embedded in each presented chapter portraying the truthfulness of the specific model. All the numerical results are obtained numerically via bvp4c scheme. The significance of this thesis lies in finding similar and non-similar solutions to the presented unique models.