Evaluating The Impact of Green HRM on Environmental Sustainability (ES) Directly and Indirectly through Internal and External SCM in SMEs of Punjab

Abstract

This study aims to examine Evaluating the Impact Of Green HRM on Environmental Sustainability (ES) directly and indirectly through Internal and External SCM in SMEs of Punjab. I have four variables in my study: the independent variable was Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), dependent variable was Environmental Sustainability, and two mediating variables were Internal and external Green Supply chain Management (GSCM). Quantitative-deductive approach has been used in the study while explanatory type of investigation has been employed as methodological design. 219 respondents were collected from different working sectors of SMEs of Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan using nonprobability convenience sampling technique. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire has been used for data collection instruments while self-administered survey methodology has been used for data collection. For hypothesis relationship testing, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used. The application PLS-SEM for data analysis neglected the data distributional aspects and handled comparatively small sample responses; therefore, generalizability of my findings has been constrained to certain extent. My finding reveals GHRM does not have any significant direct effect on environmental sustainability, but it has significant effect on IGSCM and EGSCM, which in turn positively impacts ES. The mediation analysis of my study confirms that both IGSCM and EGSCM fully mediate the relationship between GHRM and ES, with EGSCM exhibiting a slightly stronger mediating effect. My study highlights that GHRM act as an facilitator which give awareness and competencies to employees, which plays a critical role in implementing green practices across the supply chain. This study contributes to the limited literature on environmental management in SMEs, particularly in developing countries, by demonstrating how GHRM influences sustainability through supply chain interventions. Practical implications include the need for SMEs to align green HR practices with operational and external supply chain strategies. To strengthen the sustainability across SME networks this study also provides suggestions for policymakers to support capacity building, green training and supplier collaboration programs. Further it is suggested that future study must look at moderating variables so longitudinal analyses must run to confirm these findings.