Humanitarian assistance and international humanitarian law at sea case: studies of Burmese and Pakistanian muslims

Abstract

This research explores the application of International Humanitarian Law (IHL)in maritime settings, focusing on the challenges faced by Burmese and Palestinian Muslims during armed conflicts at sea. The study highlights the gaps in enforcing IHL and maritime law, which often lead to serious humanitarian crises for vulnerable groups fleeing persecution and violence. By examining the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar and the Palestinian maritime blockade in Gaza, the research identifies key violations of international legal frameworks, including the Geneva Conventions, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and the 1951 Refugee Convention. The findings reveal systematic failures in protecting civilians at sea, such as forced displacement, interception of refugee boats, and denial of humanitarian aid. The research also points to weak enforcement mechanisms and a lack of accountability for states that violate international law. To address these issues, the study proposes practical recommendations, including strengthening legal enforcement through targeted sanctions and international court actions, improving humanitarian access by creating safe corridors and enhancing search and rescue operations, and promoting regional cooperation through organizations like ASEAN and the Arab League. The research concludes that urgent global action is needed to uphold the principles of IHL and maritime law, ensuring the protection and dignity of vulnerable populations in maritime conflict zones. This study contributes to the broader discussion on maritime security, refugee rights, and the need for stronger legal frameworks to reduce human suffering in armed conflicts at sea.