Abstract:
With an increasing incidence of psychiatric disorders worldwide, there is a need for a better understanding of the populationspecific
contributing risk factors that are associated with common psychiatric conditions. This study aimed to assess the
correlation between socioeconomic, environmental and clinical features associated with major depression (MDD n = 479),
bipolar disorder (BD n = 222) and schizophrenia (SHZ n = 146), in the Pakistani population. Multinomial logistic regression
and Pearson’s correlation were applied to assess the association and correlation between demographic, socioeconomic,
environmental, and clinical features of MDD, BD and SHZ. In the present study, MDD was found to be more prevalent than
BD and SHZ. The average age at onset (AAO), was observed to be earlier in females with BD and SHZ, in addition, females
with a positive family history of MDD, BD and SHZ also had an earlier AAO. The fitted multinomial logistic regression
model indicated a significant association of; aggression, tobacco use, drugs abuse, history of head injuries and family history
with BD as compared to MDD, while insomnia and suicidality were significantly associated with MDD. Strong positive
correlations were observed mainly between age/AAO, AAO/tobacco use and aggression/insomnia in all three cohorts. In
conclusion, the present study identifies possible contributing socio-demographic, biological and environmental factors that
are correlated and associated with the psychiatric conditions in the Pakistani population.
