Geospatial Assessment of Glof Hazards at Badswat Lake, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Abstract

The Glacial Lake Outburst Floods poses threat to high mountain regions in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Climate-induced glacier retreat is accelerating the formation and expansion of glacial lakes. This study presents a geospatial assessment of GLOF hazards that is associated with Badswat Lake utilizes remote sensing data, Digital Elevation Models and Geographic Information System tools for evaluation of critical parameters that influencing flood risk. Key indicators analyzing include glacier retreat, lake expansion, slope gradient, flow direction, flow accumulation, stream networks and terrain indices. These parameters are weighted and integrated by using GIS-based multi-criteria approach and generates hazard zonation map for the region. The results indicate that Badswat Lake has significant GLOF potential due to its unstable moraine dam, rapidly expanding area and vulnerable downstream terrain. And also flow modeling reveals possible flood pathways, while zonation maps identified high-risk zones that requires immediate attention. The study also highlights the lack of adaptive infrastructure and early warning systems. This research delivers treasured for disaster preparedness, risk mitigation and regional climate adaptation planning. It emphasizes the urgent need for continuous monitoring to manage the growing threat of GLOFs in the Badswat Lake.