Impact of Awareness on Utilization of Insecticides Treated Nets for Protection Against Malaria : A Case Study of Thatta

Abstract

This qualitative study explores the awareness, perceptions, and usage practices surrounding Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs) among residents of Thatta, with a specific focus on their role in malaria prevention. A total of 25 participants were selected through purposive sampling, targeting households that had received ITNs along with usage instructions within the last six months. Data collection was carried out using socio-demographic surveys, semi-structured interviews, and field observations to gather in-depth insights into community behaviors and attitudes.Findings revealed that while general awareness of malaria as a disease was present among most participants, a deep understanding of ITN usage and its preventive value remained limited. Regular and consistent usage of ITNs was not common; rather, participants reported sporadic use, typically during peak mosquito seasons or when vulnerable groups such as children and pregnant women were involved. Thematic analysis highlighted several barriers to consistent ITN usage, including limited access, affordability issues, practical difficulties like the need for wooden supports to hang nets, and widespread misconceptions—such as beliefs that ITNs cause heat discomfort or itching.Cultural practices and alternative prevention methods, such as the use of locally made bed nets or burning leaves to produce mosquito-repelling smoke, were commonly reported. Despite these challenges, a majority of participants expressed the belief that ITNs play a role in reducing the risk of malaria, indicating a generally positive perception. The study emphasizes the need for enhanced community education, culturally sensitive behavior change strategies, and improved distribution mechanisms to promote effective and sustained use of ITNs in rural, high-risk areas.