Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding HPV and Cervical Cancer Among the Females of Reproductive Age at the Semi-government University of Islamabad

Abstract

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical cancer, which remains a major public health issue in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Pakistan. Persistent infection with high-risk strains (HPV-16, HPV-18) may lead to cervical cancer, yet awareness and prevention efforts remain limited due to cultural taboos, misinformation, and healthcare gaps (Riaz et al., 2020; Shamaun et al., 2021). Global studies have echoed similar trends in countries such as Ethiopia, Nigeria, Indonesia, and Oman (Al Raisi et al., 2021; Akinnibosun et al., 2021; Mengesha et al., 2021). Objectives This study assessed knowledge and attitudes towards HPV and cervical cancer among females of reproductive age at a semi-government university in Islamabad. It examined knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer, symptoms, risk factors, and attitudes towards HPV vaccination and Cervical cancer screening. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among female students (aged 15–49) at Bahria University Islamabad using a structured, validated questionnaire. Knowledge and attitude levels were categorized using Bloom’s taxonomy cut-offs. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were analyzed via SPSS. Results Among participants, 61.1% demonstrated poor knowledge, 2.2% moderate, and 36.7% good. Only 44.4% identified HPV as a risk factor, and misconceptions—such as thinking cervical cancer is communicable—were common. In terms of attitudes, 55% displayed negative views toward vaccination and screening, and willingness to vaccinate remained low, even when offered free. Cultural stigma, misinformation, and distrust of healthcare were key barriers. Conclusion The study reveals significant gaps in knowledge and negative attitudes among university-educated women, reflecting broader trends in LMICs. Targeted, culturally appropriate awareness campaigns and accessible screening and vaccination programs are urgently needed to reduce cervical cancer risk and promote public health in Pakistan