Design and Development of Compact Size Power Amplifiers PCB Using Discrete Components for Obstacle Avoidance Sonar

Abstract

Our project revolves around using an operational amplifier—primarily for signal amplification or conditioning. At the core of our design is the PA96, a high-voltage precision op-amp, which is part of a feedback network made up of several resistors and a capacitor. The op-amp is powered by two symmetrical ±140V supplies to handle high-voltage operation. For the input, we’re using a voltage source that delivers a piecewise linear signal. While the feedback network is composed of fxed resistors and capacitors to stabilize the circuit as well as set its gain and frequency response. Output stage has small value, which should be current limiting or load protection. The transient LTspice simulation to test out the circuit dynamic characteristics. The design could be used for high-voltage signal processing applications, such as piezoelectric actuators or high-impedance sensors. To make sure our circuit works as intended, we ran detailed simulations in LTspice, testing how it handles different signals and loads. Simulation has confirmed our setup the tuned feedback network and the PA96 op-amp gives clean, accurate amplification even at higher voltage. We even added protection for damage caused by sudden voltage surges or overloading, so the system becomes ruggedized for practical applications. The stability and performance of our circuit at higher voltage makes it a great prospect for demanding applications like driving piezo-electrically excited devices or measurement of signals from sensors of high impedance in laboratory and industrial situations.