Comparative Analysis of India and China’s Maritime Security Policies in the Indian Ocean: Implications for Regional Security

Abstract

The research examines the strategic location of the Indian Ocean (IO) which is very significant for both China and India. Alred Thayer Mahan 'Sea Power’ Theory critically explain the importance of naval modernization and Sea lanes of Communication (SLOCs). By the Maritime Silk Road (MSR), China is trying to protect SLOCs for its trade routes and increasing its naval presence. On the other hand, India perceives a threat from Chinese presence in the IOR. This study addresses the missing link in the literature in the comparative analysis of China and India’s MSP in the IO, such as increasing naval presence and making alliances. The study's objective is to assess the rationale behind the maritime policy formulation of China and India and to analyze comparatively China and India's maritime strategies in the context of regional security of IOR. The qualitative methodology highlights the defining characteristics and objectives of the maritime security of India and how they compare with China. The maritime security of China is directly influenced by BRI. In response to Chinese initiatives, India is also taking some steps to counter the Chinese influence such as establishing relations with littoral states and strategic partnerships. Moreover, it also explains the competition between India and China by increasing the naval presence which eventually disturbs regional security. Thus, this research is significant for academicians, maritime security strategists, policy maker and students of maritime affairs.