An Analysis of the Geo-Political Competition between Russia and Turkey in the Black Sea Region

Abstract

The Black Sea has been the core of geopolitical competition due to its being an essential route for maritime communications, as it connects Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. This paper deals with complex and multi-layered rivalry between Russia and Turkey- two regional super powers contesting geo-politically important area. The paper delves into the historical origins of this struggle, the changing regional dynamics, and the influence of important elements like energy, security, and maritime control, drawing on theoretical frameworks like offensive realism and regional security complex theory. The study uses qualitative approaches, such as a thorough examination of secondary and primary sources, to evaluate the changing tactics and strategies used by both states. For instance, the annexation of Crimea and Russia's military buildup are an example of its assertive foreign policy. It poses a threat to Turkey's ambitions for regional leadership and closer integration with European security structures. On the other hand, Turkey's increasing military power, growing regional influence, and strategic energy transit route control pose a grave threat to Russia's hegemony. The argument continues to discuss the impact of this rivalry on the smaller nations bordering the Black Sea, including Georgia, Bulgaria, and Ukraine. It explores how these nations balance conflicting demands from Turkey and Russia in an attempt to maintain their independence while balancing their security concerns. the research takes into account how outside parties like the US and the EU might influence regional security and reduce the possibility of escalation. The findings of this study show the Black Sea competition between Russia and Turkey is a complex and multi-dimensional activity. Emphasizing the need for comprehensive knowledge of regional dynamics, but also the role of littoral governments and their efforts in confidence-building measures, including multilateral cooperation, in order to decrease tensions and foster a more stable and secure environment for all parties in the region. The two main contenders of the ongoing geopolitical game are Russia and Turkey in the Black Sea region. This thesis has depicted how their rivalry is complex and involving around Black Sea region.