Impact of Climate Change and Glacier Melting on Subsistence Pattern : A Case Study of Sadpara Village, Skardu District

Abstract

The melting of glaciers is a significant effect of climate change that presents a number of difficulties for populations who rely on water resources fed by glaciers. In this ethnographic study an attempt has been made to investigate the perceptions and interpretations of glacier melting among the villagers of Sadpara amid the ongoing climate change. Investigating local perceptions of glacier melting and the adaptive measures taken by residents to lessen its consequences were the primary goals of the current study. A qualitative research design has been used for this investigation. Data has been collected in the span of six months in the field, from April 2024 to September 2024. Data was gathered from the sample of 40 respondents using purposive sampling, convenient and expert sampling techniques. Focus group discussions, participant observation, in-depth semi-structured interviews, and audio and video recordings were all used as data gathering tools. According to the study's findings, local residents of Sadpara view the melting of glaciers and climate change as serious concerns. For them, the glaciers in their area provide the only supply of water for agriculture and drinking. Since the vast majority of people rely on agriculture, the residents of Sadpara believe that the region is at serious risk of water scarcity due to the glaciers' gradual melting. Two distinct types of perceptions were noted during fieldwork. One group believes that the melting of the glaciers in their area is a result of God's will and is entirely natural, while another group believes that anthropogenic activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, the use of plastic, and air pollution are to blame. According to the study's findings, Sadpara's rugged geography and reliance on natural resources make it particularly vulnerable to climate change and it is bringing a radical shift to their subsistence pattern of the locals. Changes in precipitation patterns and increased glacial melt have caused disruptions to conventional farming. Unpredictable water availability affects irrigation systems, which lowers crop production. Locals view them as more significant and refer to them as their identity. Data shows that climate change produces adverse effects in people’s lives.