Ethnic and Sectarian Dynamics of Shrine Culture in Pakistan : A Case study of Kalyam Sharif

Abstract

This study examines the complex racial and religious aspects of Pakistani shrine culture, with a focus on the Kalyam Sharif site. The primary aim is to investigate the role of Sufi shrines as places of devotion that transcend religious, ethnic, and social boundaries. This research employs an anthropological framework to analyze these dynamics. These sacred sites play a crucial role in fostering a unique sense of social connection and spiritual affiliation. The qualitative research methods used in this study include participant observation, in-depth interviews, and historical analysis. The findings emphasize the importance of shrines in shaping religious identities, fostering interfaith dialogue, and facilitating interactions between people of diverse cultural backgrounds. The research suggests that the Baba Fazal Shah Kalyami shrine is part of a broader tradition that remains accessible to all. This shrine welcomes visitors from various religious and cultural backgrounds, with the goal of promoting cooperation, spiritual growth, and solace. Despite the evolving nature of modern society, traditions such as Qawwali, communal prayers, and the annual Urs celebrations continue to unite the shrine’s community This study also explores how shrine culture is adapting to contemporary influences, particularly the impact of digital platforms, shifting social dynamics, and the interaction between traditional practices and modern influences. While shrine culture remains resilient, it faces challenges that threaten its core values of tolerance and peace, including sectarian conflicts and the politicization of religion..The findings contribute to ongoing discussions on religious tolerance, social cohesion, and cultural heritage preservation in contemporary Pakistan. Researchon shrine visitors and their advocates demonstrates that Sufi shrines continue to serve as vital spaces of tranquility, spirituality, and community, even in an increasingly fragmented world.