Establishing a Mechanism for Carbon Footprint Assessment and Trading Carbon Credits in Pakistan

Abstract

This study focuses to establish a comprehensive and standardized mechanism for assessing carbon footprints and trading carbon credits in Pakistan, using Bahria University Islamabad E-8 Campus (BUIC) as a case study for the fiscal year (July 2023–June 2024). Primary data was collected through questionnaire surveys, interviews, personal observations and measurements by visiting concerned offices, departments, library, and canteens. The data on fuel consumption, electricity usage, business travel, procurement activities, waste management, and other relevant departments for one fiscal year from July 2023 to June 2024 was collected and analyzes. The BU carbon footprint was calculated according to the IPCC 2007 greenhouse gas (GHG) protocol for 100 years’ time horizon using different emission factors taken from DEFRA, IPCC and other standards. The results showed that BU emitted around 3645.77 tons CO2e emissions to the environment during 2023-24. The largest GHG emission 1185.36 tons CO2e from single source to the total carbon footprint was from the commute of students and faculty combined, to and from university. This research also highlights the importance of carbon footprint assessment in educational institutions, addressing environmental challenges and aligning with global sustainability goals. By calculating BUIC's total carbon emissions, the research identifies key contributors of the emissions of GHG and proposes a formalize strategies for mitigation. This research also explores the feasibility of implementing a carbon credit trading mechanism within the institutes of Pakistan, incentivizes institutions to mitigate emissions through eco-friendly practices. By integrating academic carbon footprint assessment frameworks with practical solutions, the findings focus to help policymakers, educational institutions, and businesses in reducing their environmental impact while fostering a sustainable economy. This study provides a blueprint for developing carbon reduction strategies and establishing a market for trading carbon credits, contributing to a greener future for Pakistan.