Development of Advanced Forensic Techniques for Identification of Human Remains in Challenging Environments

Abstract

Background: The identification of human remains in challenging environments, such as mass disasters, criminal investigations, and war zones, posed significant difficulties due to decomposition, environmental factors, and incomplete skeletal remains. Advanced forensic techniques played a crucial role in improvingthe accuracy and efficiency of human identification. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate and develop advanced forensic techniques for the identificationof human remains in complex environmental conditions, enhancing the reliability of forensic investigations. Methods: This study was conducted at Services Hospital, Lahore, from August 2024 to January 2025, involving a study population of 120 cases of unidentified human remains. A combination of forensic anthropology, DNA analysis, stable isotope analysis, and radiographic imaging was utilized to assess theeffectiveness of various identification methods. Data were analyzed to determine the accuracy, feasibility, and limitations of these techniques in different environmental conditions. Results: The study found that DNA analysis remained the most definitive method, with an identificationsuccess rate of 92%. Forensic anthropology and radiographic imaging proved highly effective in cases with skeletal remains, with an accuracy of 85% in estimating age and sex. Stable isotope analysis provided valuable geographic information in 78% of cases, aiding in narrowing down possible identities. The integration of multiple forensic techniques significantly improved overall identification rates, particularly in cases involving degraded remains. Conclusion: The development and application of advanced forensic techniques greatly enhanced the accuracy and reliability of human remains identification in challenging environments. The combinationof DNA analysis, forensic anthropology, stable isotope analysis, and radiographic imaging demonstratedacomprehensive approach to forensic investigations. Future research should focus on refining these methods and integrating emerging technologies to further improve forensic identification processes