Rare Earth Elements From Coal Samples: Case Study Of Dara Adam Khel, Khyber Pakhtunkha, Pakistan

Abstract

This study presents the evaluation of rare earth elements (REE’s) in raw coal samples by performing geochemical analysis on coal deposits of Hangu Formation, Dara Adam Khel, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Making them from unconventional resources, in particular coal, is critical because these so-called rare earth elements also are embrace in modern revolution including electronics, renewable energy sources and defense uses. Present study of raw coal samples examined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Out of 17 rare earth elements in the periodic table, only one element was below the detection limit; ICP-MS showed its high consideration and accuracy in the detection of REE concentration. XRD analysis provided crucial information regarding the mineralogical composition of the coal samples, indicating that certain minerals—such as clay minerals and secondary phosphates were associated with rare earth elements (REE’s). Geochemical data indicates that REEs contain large variations in concentrations in coal seams, which are controlled by deposition and diagenesis. These findings suggest that the coal resources of Dara Adam Khel could represent a small yet significant source of REE’s, especially the highly sought after elements neodymium, dysprosium, and yttrium. In addition to providing greater insight into the concentration of REE in coal, this study also demonstrates that coal-derived REE's hold significant economic potential to diversify Pakistan's resource base. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach in assessing coal for strategic resource development and sustainable extraction strategies is demonstrated through the integration of ICP-MS and XRD methodologies.