Abstract:
Umbilical cord coiling patterns have a considerable effect on both pregnancy outcomes and
fetal health. Objectives: To assess the postnatal umbilical coiling index and investigate its
association with normal coiling, hypo-coiling, and hyper-coiling patterns about maternal and
perinatal outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Obstetrics and
Gynecology Department of Pakistan Aeronautical Complex Hospital Kamra from January 2024
to June 2024. The patterns of umbilical cord coiling were analyzed in 200 Livebirths. This study
utilized convenience sampling to select a sample of live births for assessing the relationship
between the umbilical cord coiling index and perinatal outcomes. Data were collected on
maternal factors and neonatal outcomes, including Apgar scores. Statistical analysis was
conducted using SPSS version 26.0, with descriptive statistics to summarize the data and
inferential tests (e.g., chi-square test, t-test, regression analysis) to evaluate associations
between umbilical cord coiling patterns and perinatal outcomes. Results: The study revealed
that hypo-coiled cords were linked to older maternal age (≥35 years) and higher gestational
diabetes rates. Hypo-coiled infants had a low birth weight incidence of 28.6%, signicantly
lower coiling index (0.07 ± 0.02), and lower Apgar scores at one minute (6.8 ± 1.2) and ve minutes
(8.2 ± 0.9). These results suggest umbilical cord coiling patterns are crucial indicators of
maternal health and neonatal outcomes, highlighting the need for careful monitoring in at-risk
pregnancies. Conclusions: It was concluded that there is a correlation between neonatal
outcomes and factors such as maternal age, gestational diabetes, and abnormal umbilical cord
coiling patterns.
