Abstract:
This research thesis examines the challenges faced by Pakistan in achieving marine policy
objectives within its legal regime for protecting the marine environment. The primary aim
is to analyze the effectiveness of policy implementation and identify areas that require
improvement and strengthening. By comparing successful approaches from other nations,
the study seeks to understand the factors contributing to their achievements in marine
environmental protection. The research highlights the need for a comprehensive and longterm
policy framework designed specifically for safeguarding Pakistan’s marine
environment.
Using the approach of discourse analysis, a common method in qualitative
doctrinal research, the study explores the dynamics of policy-making and the hindrances
faced in achieving policy objectives. Internal and external constraints, such as limited
implementation mechanisms, weak institutional capacity, corruption, political
interference, and inadequate monitoring, are identified. To address these challenges, the
research emphasizes the importance of strengthening institutional capacity, engaging with
stakeholders, and ensuring proper policy monitoring and evaluation.
Through its analysis, the thesis contributes to knowledge by uncovering the
reasons behind Pakistan’s policy objective setbacks and exploring successful
collaborations and factors in other nations’ policy processes. The findings offer valuable
insights that can inform future research and policy improvement efforts in marine
conservation.
The study spans the period from 2001 to 2020, delving into Pakistan’s existing
legal framework for marine environment conservation and its compliance with global
commitments and conventions. The research also conducts a stakeholder analysis,
assessing the roles of various institutions, politicians, religious and moral norms, NGOs,
local and provincial governments, and the impacts of land-based human activities on
policy implementation.
Case studies from the United Kingdom and the Philippines are presented to
provide lessons and best practices for marine environmental protection. Based on the
findings, the thesis concludes with recommendations aimed at enhancing policy
implementation within Pakistan’s legal regime, fostering a secure marine environment
for the nation’s ecological balance and sustainable future.
