Pakistan's legal framwork against women trafficking though sea: A critical analysis under the light of international maritime law

Abstract

Pakistan is a source, transit, and destination country for human trafficking, including women and children who are exploited for forced labor and sexual purposes. Among the different forms of human trafficking, women trafficking through sea is particularly prevalent in Pakistan due to its vast coastal region and inadequate maritime security. Women are trafficked through the sea for various reasons, including forced labor, sexual exploitation, and domestic servitude. Despite the enactment of several laws and policies to combat trafficking, the issue of women trafficking through the sea continues to be a grave concern in Pakistan. This thesis aims to critically analyze Pakistan's legal framework against women trafficking through the sea in light of international law. The study employs a qualitative research approach, including a review of relevant legal documents, case law, and interviews with key stakeholders, to explore the effectiveness of Pakistan's legal framework in combating women trafficking. The research also identifies the gaps and challenges in the legal framework and suggests possible reforms to enhance the protection of women against trafficking. The study finds that Pakistan's legal framework against women trafficking through the sea comprises several national and international legal and policy instruments. At the national level, the Constitution of Pakistan and several laws, including the Prevention and Control of Human Trafficking Ordinance 2002 and the Prevention of Trafficking in Persons Act 2018, criminalize human trafficking and provide for the punishment of traffickers. The study also highlights the establishment of special anti-trafficking units within law enforcement agencies and the National Action Plan for Human Rights as important steps towards combating trafficking.