2D Seismic Data Interpretation and Petrophysical Analysis of Baska Area, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan

Abstract

The research was conducted to explore the subsurface geology of the Baska area by utilizing seismic interpretation techniques and estimating hydrocarbon saturation through petrophysical methods. The study identified two key horizons on the seismic section the Pab Formation and Lower Ranikot which were encountered in the Gulan-01 well and considered as reservoir formations. We also mapped normal faults on the seismic section, which are crucial for understanding the area's structural geology. Petrophysical analysis has been done on the SaviRagha-01 and Gulan-01 wells for the reservoir potential of Lower Ranikot and Pab Sandstone Formation is evaluated using the conventional well log data shows that the formation bears multiple zones. The reservoir potential of Lower Ranikot and Pab Sandstone Formation of SaviRagha-01 is evaluated using the conventional well log data which shows that the Formations bears zones. Zone evaluated in the Lower Ranikot Formation has the highest effective porosity, which is 4.85% and the highest hydrocarbon saturation, which is 33.16%, despite having a shale volume of 10.74%. Among the zones assessed in Pab Sandstone, Zone 3 of the Pab Sandstone Formation stands out as the most promising. This zone features the highest effective porosity with respect to zone 1 and zone 2 which is 3.04% and the highest hydrocarbon saturation, which is 20.42%, despite having a shale volume of 16.36%. Among the zones assessed, Zone 2 of the Pab Sandstone Formation stands out as the most promising. This zone features the highest effective porosity at 5.8% and the highest hydrocarbon saturation at 52%, despite having a shale volume of 19%. In comparison, Zone 1 of the Lower Ranikot Formation has lower effective porosity 5% and hydrocarbon saturation of 36%, while Zone 1 of the Pab Sandstone Formation, though slightly better than the Lower Ranikot Formation with a effective porosity of 4.4% and hydrocarbon saturation of 47%, still falls short of Zone 2’s performance. Therefore, Zone 2 of the Pab Sandstone Formation offers the best combination of effective porosity and hydrocarbon saturation indicating superior reservoir potential. This analysis indicates a significant presence of hydrocarbons suggesting promising prospects for hydrocarbon reserves in the Baska area.