The Ameliorative Effect of Olive Oil on Arsenic Induced Hepatic Gross and Qualitative Histological Changes in Albino Rats

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the ameliorative effect of olive oil on gross and qualitative histological changes induced by arsenic in liver of albino rats. Study Design: An experimental/observational study Place and Duration: Department of Anatomy, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad from 1st November, 2017 to 18th April, 2018. Methodology: A total of 45 adult albino rats were selected and fifteen out of 45 rats were placed in each of three cages. Rats of group I(control group) were given distilled water , group II received sodium arsenite (40 mg per kg per day) and group III were given 0.2 ml per day of olive oil along with sodium arsenite for 30 days. Rats were dissected after 30 days to observe gross and qualitative histological changes in liver i.e. appearance, colour, consistency and weight along with histological changes like necrosis, congestion and hemorrhage. Results: Among gross parameters all rats in group I (control) showes spongy appearance, dark brown colour and firm consistency. Group II rats shows white necrosed appearance, soft consistency and all rats in group III have normal spongy, pale brown liver with few white patches and soft to firm consistency. Group II livers showed increased mean weight of 10.19 grams as compare to group I liver (7.83 grams) and mean liver weight of group II rats was 7.83 grams. Among qualitative histological parameters, necrosis, congestion and haemorrhage were observed.None of rats in control group I showed these changes, in group II 100% of rats showed necrosis and congestion whereas 46% of rats showed haemorrhage. The use of olive oil has significantly reduced necrosis to 53.3 % and congestion to 46.7% of rats in group III, whereas no haemorrhage was observed in group III rats. Conclusion: The olive oil improves gross and qualitative histological changes induced by arsenic in liver which include appearance, colour, consistency, weight, congestion, necrosis and haemorrhage.