Pulmonic Health Effect of Air Borne Particulate Matter in Gilgit, Pakistan

Abstract

Air pollutants impermanence is elevated, with about 7 million deaths in keeping with annam across the planet human being stated. More than 90% of the towns in terrible nations and almost 50% of the metropolises in prosperous international locations with inhabitants of more than 100 thousand are not residing according to the WHO air first-class regulations. Quantitative research was carried out for data collection. The present study was carried out to investigate the pulmonic health effect of air becoming particulate matter in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. The selected particulate matter includes PM2.5 and PMin. The collected PM was characterized using different techniques such as Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDX). Pulmonary symptoms assessment were analyzed via a questionnaire based on collected information about different symptoms such as cough, phlegm, chest pains, wheezing etc. For the evaluation of respiratory issues in the general public, lung function assessment was performed. A digitally handled spirometer was used to perform a lung function test (SP10W Contec). The results revealed that FTIR results show the presence of various functional groups such as sulfate, ammonium, nitrate, and carbonate ions in PM10 and PM2 SEM results revealed that the surface morphology of PM2s is somewhat clearer while the PMs are present in clusters, adhering to the surface, and there is no direct contact between particles, many particles were seen to have spherical, irregular, flat, or other morphologies. EDX results show that the bulk sample's elemental analysis revealed the following patterns of abundance: O>C>SI>Al>Fe>Ca Na Ti>Mg>K>S>O. The questionnaire-based pulmonary symptoms assessment results revealed that 75% of the respondents were aware of the climatic changes happening due to air pollution caused by particulate matter (PM PM) while 95% of the respondents were aware of the diseases caused by particulate matter (PM2 PM1s) such as cough, phlegm, chest pain, respiratory problems, lungs diseases, etc. The lung function results were based on FEVI, FVC, FVC/FEVI, and PEF. The maximum values were observed in the region of Sarwar and Kashrote Associate. The emerging technologies must be used to control the release of particulate matter through anthropogenic activities.