Abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the causes of pulmonic dysfunction in Pakistan's Gilgit-Baltistan's Hunza and Gilgit areas. These areas, which were distinguished by their high altitude and distinct climates, have major environmental problems as well as restricted access to healthcare. With an emphasis on how lifestyle, social, and environmental factors affect respiratory health, the study attempts to determine the prevalence and determinants of respiratory illnesses among the residents of these regions. A quantitative research design was employed, using a standardized survey method to gather data from healthcare professionals in Hunza and Gilgit. The study population consisted of 150 participants equally divided between the two districts. Data collection focused on demographic information, lifestyle factors, health status, environmental conditions, and professional observations of respiratory health. The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of pulmonary dysfunction and understand how factors such as air quality, altitude, climate, and socioeconomic conditions influence respiratory health. The finding shows that respiratory dysfunctions are common in these areas, including pneumonia, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The use of biomass fuels for cooking and heating, which results in severe indoor air pollution from particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are major contributing factors. Respiratory health problems are affected by outdoor air quality, which is also impacted by dust storms, vehicle emissions, and environmental changes brought on by climate change. The management and treatment of respiratory illnesses are further complicated by socioeconomic variables, such as reliance on traditional methods and restricted access to healthcare. The study highlights the necessity of focused public health initiatives to address the lifestyle and environmental variables causing pulmonic dysfunction in Gilgit and Hunza. To reduce the dangers to respiratory health in these high-altitude areas, it is imperative to promote alternate energy sources for cooking and heating, improve healthcare access, and improve air quality. To enhance the population's general respiratory health, the research recommends comprehensive solutions that incorporate environmental management and health education.
