Geospatial Hazard Mapping and Assessment of Water Quality Index for Drinking Water of Village Khanqah Sirajia, District Minawali, Punjab Pakistan

Abstract

The province of Punjab is facing deteriorating water conditions, especially in areas surrounded by industries. In this study, the groundwater quality assessment of village Khanqah Sirajia in district Mianwali was carried out using various drinking water quality parameters. Furthermore, the determination of Water Quality indices and Geospatial hazard mapping was conducted to assess the source apportionment and Spatial variability based on the concentration of calculated parameters. A total of 30 groundwater samples were collected from bores and tube wells in the study area. The determination of biological, chemical, and physical parameters showed higher concentrations of certain parameters, particularly Salts, TDS, EC, and DO, which exceeded the permissible limits given by WHO. EC showed the highest value of 574 (uS/em), Salts with the maximum value of 273 (mgl), D0 with the highest value of 46.4 (%), Nitrates with the excessive value of 11.25 (mg/1), Na+ with the highest value of 303.6 (mgl), C]- with the highest value of 468.6 (mg/l), and NaCl with the highest value of 772.2 (mg/1). The groundwater quality index reveals that 50% of the water samples were nearly polluted. The Geospatial hazard mapping of water quality parameters showed a concentration of contamination ranging from poor to the safe range. This study aimed to demonstrate the variability of groundwater quality assessment through multiple approaches, including quality indices and geospatial hazard maps. Out of 17 parameters, 7 exhibited an unsafe range. The research showcases the application of diverse methods for water quality assessment, water quality index calculation, and geospatial hazard mapping to determine the quality of drinking water.