Factors Prompting to Illegal Migration to Europe (An Ethnography Of Migrants and Their Families in Upper Punjab)

Abstract

A very ancient phenomenon, migration has been a part of human history for thousands of years. The process of illegal migration in Upper Punjab Pakistan's is depicted in this study. This is a highly widespread and quickly spreading issue. To do this, four case studies and twenty-two in-depth interviews were conducted by using Snowball and Purposive Sampling Technique. Examining the push and pull factors is the goal of focusing on the problem of illegal migration from Pakistan to European nations. Poverty is not a single factor for migration along with its social structure, political instability, in search of better life, inner peace, aspiration/goal, high prestige, low wages are important factors for illegal migration. Push and pull factors exist all over the world. Low wages of labor and poor life force migrants to leave their homes and experience terrible hardships in search of better life in developed countries. Both skilled and unskilled people are emigrating to the UK, USA, Italy, Germany, Greece, France, and Spain. This research is an attempt to record the factors prompting illegal migration, the risks and challenges migrants faced while traveling and after reaching their destination, and how illegal migration impacts their families that are living behind them. Adopting qualitative research techniques by conducting case studies and in-depth interviews. This study finds that moving abroad is a sign of pleasure and prestige for Pakistanis. Poverty is not the main cause; inner peace and social structure are the main causes. The absence of a father puts children under stress and anxiety. The government should make people aware through awareness sessions that discuss the negative aspects of illegal migration. Lower middle-class families want to go illegally because these people do not know what happened to him. Close ports of entry to discourage migration and focus on border control as a solution. For this issue countries can approach migration from a holistic point of view, which tries to boost the economy of the countries and overcome the risks and causes.