Role of External Powers in the Rise and Decline of Ethnic Movements: Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and Sri Lanka

Abstract

With a comparative focus on Pakistan and Sri Lanka, this thesis explores the complex dynamics of external powers' participation in the emergence and fall of ethnic movements. The research explores the complex relationship between geopolitical objectives, internal ethnic dynamics, and external interventions, looking at how outside players affect the course of ethnic movements in these two states. This study investigates the historical, political, and socioeconomic backgrounds of ethnic movement in Pakistan and Sri Lanka, utilizing a comprehensive analysis of the literature in addition to empirical evidence. It looks at the issues—such as those pertaining to identity, autonomy, resource allocation, and historical injustice—that gave rise to these movements. Examining how outside forces influenced the trajectory of ethnic movements is a key component of the analysis. The thesis looks into how foreign actors—such as international organizations, global powers, and adjacent nations—motivate, manage, and affect ethnic conflicts. The thesis, using qualitative research approach, attempts to clarify the complicated dynamics of external participation in ethnic movements and its consequences for efforts at peace building and conflict resolution through a careful analysis of case studies and empirical data.