Military Modernization under Artificial Intelligence by China and India: Implications for Pakistan

Abstract

The surge in global military modernization, fuelled by advancements in artificial intelligence technology, has reshaped the strategic landscape, particularly in regions where superpowers like China and India exert significant influence. This research examines the consequences of China and India's AI-driven military modernization efforts on Pakistan. China's extensive integration of artificial intelligence into its military poses a substantial threat to regional stability, altering the strategic dynamics of Asia. In response, India has intensified its own efforts to incorporate artificial intelligence into its armed forces, aiming to maintain regional dominance and bolster defence capabilities. Employing a mixed methodology comprising structured interviews and content analysis of primary source data, this study investigates the incorporation of AI into military strategies, shedding light on the current military modernization initiatives of China and India and their implications for Pakistan. The research identifies a spectrum of challenges and opportunities for Pakistan arising from the AI-driven military modernization efforts of its neighbours. While the widening technological disparity raises concerns for Pakistan's defence capabilities, potential avenues for collaboration in utilizing AI technologies for defence, particularly with China, also emerge. The findings underscore the imperative for Pakistan to adopt proactive measures to safeguard its national security interests amidst evolving regional dynamics.