Field Seismic Data Acquisition Planning and Parameter Selection

Abstract

The object of seismic reflection/refraction prospecting is to delineate subsurface geological structures using the ability of some horizons within the earth to reflect sound waves. During the seismic data acquisition survey different types of noises are generated that corrupt the quality of seismic data. In this study, the reasons for noise generation, their types, and the methods to minimize these noises and enhance the signal quality are discussed. In seismic acquisition surveys, reflections from different sedimentary layers are considered primary signals. Almost all other types of events are commonly regarded as noise. The aim of all the recording systems and field layouts is essentially to improve signal and reduce noise. In this way, the overall signal-to-noise ratio gets enhanced. Signal can be regarded as something that needs to be retained and noise is something that requires suppression. Acquisition of seismic data is a costly business. Many decisions such as drilling wells are based upon this data. Therefore, this is the primary duty of a Q.C. or field geophysicist to understand the dominant noise type in the area and the method to improve the signal to noise ratio. Noise analysis and Array design is the starting point.