Abstract:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which numerous
small cysts are formed in the ovaries of a woman resulting in an increased production of
androgens (male sex hormones). National health services (NHS) has reported a few
common symptoms like oily skin, weight gain, complications in conceiving and irregular
periods. In most cases, it shows irregular hair growth on different areas such as the chest,
face and back. Studies have revealed that the main causes or factors that resulted in PCOS
prevalence are still unknown. South Asian women, especially Pakistani women, suffers
more from PCOS (around 52%) as compared to white population in UK (20 - 25%). This
study is an attempt to contribute towards research/ studies that are trying to establish exact
cause for prevalence of PCOS. The objectives of the study were to compare the
biochemical parameters and plasma xenin levels in PCOS diagnosed group, probable
group and control group. This was a case control study. All women between age 15 - 45
years who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. The calculated sample size of 105
subjects were divided into three separate study groups (control group, PCOS diagnosed
patients and probable group). Venous blood sample was taken for measuring different
parameters like FSH, LH, Prolactin, Testosterone, Fasting blood sugar, Fasting Insulin,
HbA1c and serum Xenin after taking ethical approval from Bahria University Health
Sciences Karachi (BUHSCK). Ultrasound pelvis was done. For statistical analysis SPSS
v26 was used. Descriptive statistics were presented in terms of frequency with
percentages and mean with standard deviation. ANOA was applied for mean comparison.
Cut off values were identified using ROC curve. The P value <0.05 was considered as
statistically significant. Mean age for cases, controls and probable group was 30.82±6.60
years, 27.88±6.43 years and 25.94±5.47years. BMI in cases, controls and probable group
was 30.91±5.66 kg/m2, 22.69±5.07kg/m2 and 26.08±7.36 kg/m2. Serum FSH in cases,
controls and probable groups were 5.68±1.23mIU/ml, 7.59±0.97mIU/ml and 6.56±0.80
mIU/ml S. LH in cases, controls and probable group were 11.35±1.87mIU/ml,
10.19±1.44mIU/ml and 10.70±1.22mIU/ml. Serum LH : FSH was 2.02±0.23, 1.34±0.11
and 1.64±0.18 respectively. Serum Testosterone (nmol/L) was 1.20±0.42, 0.78±0.45 and
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1.02±0.33. Serum prolactin (μg/L) in cases, control and probable group was 24.40±9.50,
15.34±3.07 and 17.93±4.18. Fasting blood sugar (nmol/L) was 5.55±0.91, 4.98±0.40 and
4.76±0.38 respectively. Fasting insulin levels (mIU/L) were 11.63±5.65, 5.85±2.91 and
7.85±4.19. HbA1c was 5.54±0.78, 5.09±0.39 and 4.94±0.31 respectively. Mean serum
xenin was 31.25±2.86 pg/ml in cases, 23.58±3.36 pg/ml in controls and 26.93±3.94 pg/ml
in probable with significant mean difference (p=0.000). By ROC Curve, Cut offs values
of serum xenin was 27.18 (Sen=82.9%), 27.41(Sen=82.9%) and 27.96(Sen=82.9%) for
cases while the cut offs values for serum xenin for proable group was 22.93(sen=82.9%)
and 23.01(sen=80%). Increase levels of Xenin were found in cases and probable group
than controls
