ASSOCIATION OF ALTERED THYROID PROFILE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus and Thyroid Disorder, both are the most common endocrine diseases to be familiar in clinical practice. Thyroid hormones are involved in all the metabolic pathways including carbohydrate metabolism. On the other hand, there are variable degrees of glucose production, insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Hence there is imbalance in carbohydrate metabolism particularly, in both Type 2 DM and Thyroid Disorder. Diabetes Mellitus is responsible for large number of deaths worldwide and Diabetic Patients are at risk of having other autoimmune diseases including thyroid abnormalities. Both type 2 diabetes and hypothyroidism are highly prevalent disorders in the community. Since the thyroid hormones are involved in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, it is expected that their abnormal levels would disrupt carbohydrate homeostasis. Thyroid hormones are significant regulators of glucose metabolism. In Type 2 DM, the most common type of thyroid dysfunction is hypothyroidism that’s why the aim of this study to investigate the relationship between serum thyroid profile and glycemic variability in Type 2 diabetic patients and compare the TSH levels in type 2 diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects. The study type was case control, conducted at National medical center in Karachi, Pakistan from October 2022 to May 2023. A total of 144 subjects were selected, out of which 72 patients were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 72 were non-diabetic volunteers in the study. Diabetic status and its severity will evaluate by fasting and random blood sugar and hba1c while thyroid function test was done by analyzing serum levels of thyroid profile and then compare in both cases and control. Significant increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration can be another risk factor for the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus with unknown thyroid status and there is high prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism among type 2 diabetes patient compared to non-diabetic subjects. This study shows the thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus signifying that the thyroid condition gets worse with diabetic severity. On assessment of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients shows large variations amongst different strategies, the quality of life and morbidity in type 2 diabetic patients can be improved in this way