Abstract:
The condition known as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which first manifests
during pregnancy, is characterized by glucose intolerance. Its etiology involves complex
interplay between genetic and environmental factors, but the exact mechanisms are yet
unclear. GDM increases the likelihood of long-term problems such type 2 diabetes and
recurrent GDM in subsequent pregnancies as well as perinatal morbidity like
Preeclampsia. It also increases the risk of poor fetal outcomes like macrosomia (excessive
fetal growth), which can ultimately raise the risk of cesarean delivery and birth trauma.
In addition, babies born to women with GDM are more likely to develop conditions like
respiratory distress syndrome and hypoglycemia. . In order to reduce these hazards, early
diagnosis and prevention measures are essential. Serum irisin, a recently identified
myokine implicated in lipid and glucose metabolism, is the subject of this thesis, which
examines its potential utility as an early diagnostic indicator for GDM. The study was
carried out as a case-control study at the National Medical Center's Gynecological
Outpatient Department from January 2023 to June 2023. 88 pregnant women in total were
recruited, 44 of whom had GDM diagnoses, and 44 of whom were healthy controls.
However, four participants dropped out of the study, leaving 84 people in the final sample
size. General, anthropometric, and glycemic data were also collected in addition to the
levels of serum irisin being measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent test kit.
The main goal of the study was to evaluate the serum irisin levels between women with
GDM and healthy controls. The study also sought to establish a relationship between
serum irisin levels and glycemic measures such fasting blood glucose, post prandial
glucose levels, serum insulin levels and its resistance indicator. The relevance and
strength of these correlations were evaluated using statistical techniques, such as t-tests
and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study have significant
significance for the management and diagnosis of GDM. The results showed significant
difference between the cases and controls with respect to parameters like maternal age,
blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and post prandial blood glucose levels. Moreover,
the data revealed significant variations in serum irisin levels between the GDM group and
vii
the control group, suggesting a potential association between lower irisin levels and the
development of GDM. Additionally, associations between serum irisin levels and
glycemic parameters were found, indicating the impact of irisin on regulating glucose
levels during pregnancy. The link between serum irisin levels and GDM is clarified by
this thesis. The research confirms the potential of serum irisin as an early diagnostic
marker and clarifies its function in the pathophysiology of GDM. We can effectively
lower the hazards associated with the illness and enhance maternal and fetal health
outcomes by better managing and understanding GDM. Future directions in research may
include validation studies to validate the diagnostic value of serum irisin levels,
investigations into the underlying mechanisms by which irisin affects glucose
metabolism, and longitudinal studies to examine changes in serum irisin levels and
glycemic parameters over time.
