THE IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP (TL) ON INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR (IWB), THE MEDIATING ROLE OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT (EE) AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL (PSYCAP) IN HOSPITALS OF KARACHI

Abstract

Purpose This study investigates how TL processes affect IWB in healthcare systems, particularly hospitals, and how PsyCap and EE function as mediators. Based on the responses of 187 various hospital managers in Karachi, it was found that TL influences IWB indirectly viz PsyCap and EE. The findings of this study help to clarify the relationship between TL and IWB, as well as the significance ofEE and PsyCap in medical facilities. Methodology & Design We employed a quantitative research strategy for this study. Cross sectional sampling, convenience sampling, and SEM-PLS analysis make up the methodology. Findings The total number of participants was 187. In which 154 (82.4%) were up to 21 to 30 years, 25 (13.4%) were in between 31 to 40 years, 6 (3.2%) were 41 to 50, 2(1.1%) were in between 50 & above years. 67 (35.8%) were females and 120 (64.2%) were males. 133 (71.1%) were Single and 54 (28.9%) were married. The education qualifications of respective participants are Up to Intermediate are 12 (6.4%), Ifthe P Values are less than 0.05 and/or the T statistic value is more significant than 1.96, the hypothesis can be accepted. (Hair & Alamer, 2022). The results ofthe path coefficient test are presented in Table 5 showed that that EE has positive significant impact on IWB as p value is (0.0270.05). PsyCap has positive significant impact on IWB as p value is (0.0160.05). TL has positive significant impact EE as p value is (0.0000.05). TL has positive significant impact on IWB as p value is (0.0010.05). TL has positive significant impact on PsyCap as p value is (0.0000.05). Limitations The current study, like other social science studies, has some limitations that may compel researchers to conduct additional research in the future. Because the sample size ofthis study was small, and the results may not be generalizable, future studies may increase the sample size to improve the reliability ofthe results. This study only used hospitals in Karachi; future research may broaden its scope to include other areas. Furthemtore, the currentstudy employed a cross-sectional design. Recommendations Future researchers should use a longitudinal design that collects data at multiple time points to increase the credibility ofthe findings. The effect ofTL on IWB was investigated in this study using the mediating effects of EE and PsyCap. Future studies should include additional mediating variables such as Thrive at Work, Customer Engagement, and Mind Effect to deepen our understanding ofthe various leadership styles and their effects on healthcare.