Performance Analysis of RIS-Assisted mmWave and THz-Enabled Hybrid Heterogeneous Network

Abstract

The wireless communication technology has gone through a significant evolution in the past few years. People prefer this technology for their ease of connecting with the world in every aspect. There are different types of wireless technologies available depending on the speed, capacity, available bandwidth, and data rate. For high-speed reliable communication millimeter wave and terahertz frequencies are best to fulfill the needs of users in this era. In the proposed research sub-6 GHz, millimeter wave (mmWave), and terahertz (THz) frequencies are preferred for communication purposes. The Sub-6 GHz is used for long-distance communication as it provides a large coverage area and penetration through obstacles like buildings, trees, etc. The mmWave and THz provide high data rate, capacity, and bandwidth but there are some challenges that can affect signal quality. The high-frequency range of mmWave and THz significantly affects signal penetration, resulting in a high level of signal loss. The signal propagation and signal attenuation is the major issue which is due to the absorption of molecules and blockage of the signal by an obstacle. These all factors directly affect communication in this frequency range. Many authors have presented different types of ideas in order to control the penetration and utilize the frequency efficiently. There is a technology namely Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) that has the capability to revolve the wireless communication network. The RIS surface has different passive reflecting elements. In the proposed system the RIS is placed between the transmitter and receiver so that the link is developed in such a way that from transmitter to RIS and from RIS to receiver. The RIS has modified the signal properties including reflection and absorption of electromagnetic waves. RIS has manipulated signal strength and removed signal noise. It has also enhanced the coverage area and capacity of the network by reflecting the signal in the desired direction. The Monte Carlo simulations are used to analyze the wireless network results. The heterogeneous network is analyzed based on different parameters. The SINR is calculated along with SINR coverage probability and rate coverage probability in both scenarios when the signal travels directly from transmitter to receiver. Secondly, the signal travels via RIS, from transmitter to RIS and from RIS to receiver. It can be clearly observed that the RIS system has increased the system performance as compared to the network without RIS. The coverage probabilities are measured for different parameters in order to analyze the overall system performance. It has been clearly analyzed that the mmWave and THz provide high data rates and bandwidth in the presence of RIS technology which has reduced the propagation loss. Implementing the proposed network with hardware along with the collaboration of Artificial Intelligence provides a new gateway for continuous real-time monitoring that is very helpful in the health and automobile industry.