Petrophysical Analysis Of Mari Deep 6 And Mari Deep 9, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan

Abstract

Petroleum is vital to many industries, and is of importance to the maintenance of industrialized civilization itself, and thus is a critical concern for many nations. Oil accounts for a large percentage of the world’s energy consumption, ranging from a low of 32% for Europe and Asia, up to a high of 53% for the Middle East. In other words, the economy of the world is being controlled by the energy sector. The energy resources and reserves are being used as indicator of economy and political stability of a country. Petroleum and related energy reserves of a country constitute its most important assets. The role of hydrocarbon availability, exploration and development is directly related to the overall development and prosperity of the human being. The petroleum exploration and its exploitation have gained special importance over the past few decades to meet the increasing demand of the world energy. Due to its importance this field has developed special interests of the scientists and various hydrocarbon agencies and a number of new geophysical techniques and methods have been developed to explore and exploit the hydrocarbon buried in subsurface geological formations. Geophysical well logging is one of the strong tools which are used to evaluate the formation characteristic features having potential for hydrocarbon development. Well logging, also known as borehole logging is the practice of making a detailed record (log) of the geologic formations penetrated by a borehole. The log may be based either on visual inspection of samples brought to the surface (geological logs) or on physical measurements made by instruments lowered into the borehole (geophysical logs). Well logging is done when drilling boreholes for oil and gas, groundwater, minerals, and for environmental and geotechnical studies. The oil and gas industry records rock and fluid properties to find hydrocarbon zones in the geological formations within the Earth's crust. A logging procedure consists of lowering a 'logging tool' on the end of a wire-line into an oil well (or hole) to measure the rock and fluid properties of the formation. An interpretation of these measurements is then made to locate and quantify potential depth zones containing oil and gas (hydrocarbons). Logging tools developed over the years measure the electrical, acoustic, radioactive, electromagnetic, and other properties of the rocks and their contained fluids. Logging is usually performed as the logging tools are pulled out of the hole. This data is recorded to a printed record called a "Well Log" and is normally transmitted digitally to office locations. Well logging usually refers to downhole measurements made via instrumentation that is lowered into the well at the end of a wire-line cable. The wire-line consists of an outer wire rope and an inner group of wires. The outer rope provides strength for lowering and lifting the heavy instruments and the inner wiring provides for transmission of power to the downhole equipment and for data telemetry uphole to the recording equipment on the surface. Although most logs are run to evaluate oil and gas wells, increasing numbers are being run yearly for other purposes, including evaluation of the geothermal energy and ground water. Well log analysis in petroleum industry for oil and gas emphasis the evaluation of basic petrophysical properties of formations containing hydrocarbons.