Quantum Entanglement Emulator on 2 Qubit Quantum System on FPGA

Abstract

In this technological era, Moore’s law is now considered as a bottle's neck in the growth trends of digital electronic due to tunneling at the sub-atomic level. Quantum computers are considered as a solution to this predicament. Quantum Computers by virtue of superposition and entanglement offer computational precedence over classical computing. The project emulates the behavior of superposition via the S and T gates. In addition to these two-qubit entanglements is also emulated on FPGA via CNOT, Toffoli and Fredkin’s gate. We implemented all the gates on three different platforms: C++, IBM Simulator as well as Emulator, and FPGA. The S gate represents a 90-degree rotation around the z-axis. The T gate is known as pi/4 gate. The CNOT gate is a 2-qubit gate that performs a NOT operation on the target qubit if and only if the control qubit is in the state |1⟩. The Toffoli gate, for example, is a 3-qubit gate that performs a controlled-NOT operation on two qubits if and only if a third qubit is in the state |1⟩. Fredkin’s gate is a three-qubit gate that performs a swap operation on the second and third qubits (target qubits) if the frst qubit (control qubit) is in the state |1⟩ and leaves the qubits unchanged otherwise. Overall, this project’s FPGA-based quantum emulator can help researchers better understand the behavior of quantum systems and develop more advanced quantum algorithms and applications. These gates are important building blocks for constructing more complex quantum circuits and algorithms.