Abstract:
The present study has been carried out to evaluate the subsurface lithology based
on three-dimensional model. Lithological logs of the study area clearly suggest that
conglomerate (boulder and gravel) materials is dominant in the area and all the aquifer
material was conglomerate. Semi confined to confined aquifer present in the study area.
Clay act as confining materials.
The hydrochemistry of groundwater in the Haripur district has been analyzed to
assess its suitability for drinking purposes. An effort has been made to delineate the
sources of these groundwater chemical constituents by relating them with the
hydrogeological system, land use and drainage areas. A total of 42 samples of
groundwater were collected to analyze the physicochemical, major and minor
constituents in the groundwater of the Haripur District. The analysis of physicochemical
results was compared with Pakistan Standard Quality Control Authority (PSQCA) and
World Health Organization (WHO) standards for suitability. By using Arc GIS spatial
distribution map of major ions (cations and anions) have been prepared including
Calcium (Ca2+),Sodium (Na+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Potassium (K+), Chloride (Cl-),
Bicarbonate (HCO3) and Sulphate (SO4-2).Most of the samples lie within the permissible
range of drinking water quality. However, in some samples Cl- and Na+ concentration
exceed the permissible limits that could be dangerous for health. By using Piper Trilinear
Diagram (1944) major hydrochemical facies were identified. All the field data showed
three different groups of water. Dominant groups are Ca-HCO3 (52%) Na-Cl-SO4 (21%)
and mixed type Ca-Mg-HCO3 Ca-Na-HCO3(26%).Ca-HCO3type water is low
mineralized, freshwater. Based on Sodium Adsorption Ratio, 04 samples are unsuitable
for irrigation. Wilcox’s classification shows that 90% of samples fall in the C2S1 category
which is permissible for irrigation purposes. The study furnished the fact that the
hydrochemical facies and the constituents are majorly controlled by hydrogeology, water
depth, land use and drainage.
