INVESTIGATION OF EFFLUENT WATER OF STEEL INDUSTRIES, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN

Abstract

Water quality and shortages are some of the major issues being faced. The objective of research is to examine and evaluate the quality of water effluents and discharge rate to calculate pollution load from all of the steel industrial sectors, Islamabad in 2020. The surprising increase in the water table depth is due to the excess use of water by industrial sector that was also estimated from thirteen industrial units that were first scrutinized from the total number of industries on basis of effluent flow while a one-point source of Nala layi was selected and all the samples were analyzed for several physical and chemical parameters like pH, TDS, TSS, COD, BOD and O&G and heavy metal contents. The pH values of steel units were range from 3.2-9.9, TDS 881-3633 mg/l, TSS 107-1143, COD 96-829, BOD 28-354, and O&G concentration range was between 1.9-14.5. The concentration of heavy metals from steel units and Nala layi was observed in ranges Pb 0.156-0.5 mg/l other than industries that were BDL while Nala layi was 2.17mg/l, Fe 1.28-13.08 mg/l while Nala layi was 2.17mg/l, Ni 0.02-3.79 and concentration in Nala layi was 3.2mg/l. Cr values including Nala layi point were usually below from detection limit while those which were recorded were ranging between 0.33-5.01mg/l, Cu 0.18-5.77 mg/l while Nala layi concentration was 0.31 mg/l, As was throughout very low to detect while only two points showed concentration around 0.01mg/l which was neglectable. Zn 2.1-36.1 while Nala layi concentration was 3.52mg/l. Flow was calculated for assessing pollution load w.r.t COD 228441089.8 mg/month while pollution ratio was observed as 2.5:1. Mentioned heavy metals were calculated in terms of per year effluents as Pb = 20.20392674, Fe = 920.3596885, Ni = 189.2906642, Cr = 120.4780281, Cu = 234.9172441, As = 0.208749059 and Zn = 891.8803527 kg’s per year. On the bases of high results COD, TSS results it was suggested to install ASP (activated slug process) and use potash alum for flocculation and coagulation process.