Abstract:
Water quality and shortages are some of the major issues being faced. The objective of
research is to examine and evaluate the quality of water effluents and discharge rate to
calculate pollution load from all of the steel industrial sectors, Islamabad in 2020. The
surprising increase in the water table depth is due to the excess use of water by industrial
sector that was also estimated from thirteen industrial units that were first scrutinized
from the total number of industries on basis of effluent flow while a one-point source
of Nala layi was selected and all the samples were analyzed for several physical and
chemical parameters like pH, TDS, TSS, COD, BOD and O&G and heavy metal
contents. The pH values of steel units were range from 3.2-9.9, TDS 881-3633 mg/l,
TSS 107-1143, COD 96-829, BOD 28-354, and O&G concentration range was between
1.9-14.5. The concentration of heavy metals from steel units and Nala layi was observed
in ranges Pb 0.156-0.5 mg/l other than industries that were BDL while Nala layi was
2.17mg/l, Fe 1.28-13.08 mg/l while Nala layi was 2.17mg/l, Ni 0.02-3.79 and
concentration in Nala layi was 3.2mg/l. Cr values including Nala layi point were usually
below from detection limit while those which were recorded were ranging between
0.33-5.01mg/l, Cu 0.18-5.77 mg/l while Nala layi concentration was 0.31 mg/l, As was
throughout very low to detect while only two points showed concentration around
0.01mg/l which was neglectable. Zn 2.1-36.1 while Nala layi concentration was
3.52mg/l. Flow was calculated for assessing pollution load w.r.t COD 228441089.8
mg/month while pollution ratio was observed as 2.5:1. Mentioned heavy metals were
calculated in terms of per year effluents as Pb = 20.20392674, Fe = 920.3596885, Ni =
189.2906642, Cr = 120.4780281, Cu = 234.9172441, As = 0.208749059 and Zn =
891.8803527 kg’s per year. On the bases of high results COD, TSS results it was
suggested to install ASP (activated slug process) and use potash alum for flocculation
and coagulation process.
