ENERGY EFFICIENT ADAPTIVE ROUTING MECHANISM FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Abstract

Recently different routing techniques are proposed for three layer clustering topology in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), which outperform the basic two layer clustering hierarchy. The problem remains in these approaches is the heavy control packet exchange between nodes after every round in order to choose efficient lower layer heads. Among these techniques; Hybrid Hierarchical Clustering Approach (HHCA) in which distributed approach is proposed. According to HHCA, the upper layer heads are centrally selected by base station, while sensor nodes only have to select lower layer heads distributively. In this work, enhanced three layer hybrid clustering mechanism is proposed that limits the exchange of control packets between nodes after every round for lower layer head selection. Energy of nodes are divided into levels upon which it is decided when nodes of a cluster need to enter into new cluster head selection phase. The proposed mechanism helps to limit control packet exchange between nodes to large extent, at the same time keeping energy consumption between nodes balanced. Moreover, it is focused that higher layer heads are selected by base station in a manner that reduce backward transmission in the network as much as possible. Simulation results show that nodes in the proposed mechanism stay alive for longer time as compared to other approaches, and it outperforms HHCA technique in network lifetime based on Half of the Nodes Alive (HNA) by 18 percent.