Analysis of Optimal BESS Sizing in Maritime Microgrids Considering Available Topographical Generation-Mixes

Abstract

Shipping contributed 1.046 million tons of CO2 in 2007, or 3.3 percent of global emissions. Based on current trends, this number could double or triple by 2050. In response to this enormous pressure on the environment, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships required ships to devise a novel strategy for reducing their emissions. Since it is one of the cleanest and most abundant renewable energies, solar power has the potential to be an environmentally friendly power source for ships. Trade between the Gulf States, Africa, the United Arab Emirates, and CARs is signifcantly facilitated by Pakistan’s third deep-water port. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, or CPEC for short, is being built to construct highways and a variety of railway tracks in order to guarantee prosperity and a robust economy for the Pakistan-China region in the global market. People face diffculties as a result of this issue, and development progress is also sluggish. There are plenty of renewable energy sources that can be used to generate electricity in Gwadar. There is power from the sun, wind, waves, and tidal forces. All of Gwadar’s energy sources will be accounted for in the design of the renewable energy model. This design will be modeled using HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Multiple Energy Resources). Homer contributes to this design’s technological and fnancial analysis. Gwadar, Pakistan’s economic center at the Arabian Sea, needs to be looked at in this study. The average horizontal irradiance is 5.19 kWh/m2, the average wind speed is 4.72 m/s, and the average yearly clearness index is 0.576 at Gwadar city. There are three different models and two different batteries, so the amount of energy produced each year is different. We conclude that Lead-Acid is the best battery technology because its NPC is economical as compared to others. Model-3 is the most optimal model in terms of NPC and LCOE. Model-1 is the best model on the basis of GHG emissions.