IMPROVED ZONE BASED DIVISIONAL HIERARCHICAL ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Abstract

WSNs consists of spatially distributed set of autonomous nodes which are extensively used in surveillance and monitoring purpose. WSNs has limited battery power and limited resources and this battery power cannot be replaced and recharged. Due to the on-going demand of energy conservation of sensor nodes there is a need of efficient routing mechanism through which energy of the sensor nodes should be conserved. Many routing protocols used for this purpose, but clustering technique is an efficient topological control mechanism which can effectively improve the scalability period and lifespan in WSNs. Clustering techniques are distinguished between static and equal or as dynamic and unequal clustering techniques. In clustering environment, the nodes which are closest to the BS drain out their energy very rapidly because they not only send their own data but also transmit the data which has to be passed from it. This type of scenario caused the hot-spot issues in the WSN. Hot spots issues mainly appear to those locations where there is a lot of traffic on the nodes. In these locations the nodes deplete there energy very quickly and the transmission is interrupted. Some of the dynamic and unequal clustering techniques are good and mitigate the hot-spot issues but they have a lot of different critical issues like coverage overhead, network connection issues, unbalanced energy utilization among the SNs and network stability issues. So static and equal clustering technique is something efficient for mitigating hot spot problem. But in some extent static and equal clustering technique also have hot-spot issues while we are considering the number of clusters in a zone and hence it decreases the lifetime of the network system and its stability. This document proposes a systematic and efficient protocol by using static and equal cluster environment called the “Improved Zone Based Divisional Hierarchical Routing Protocol” (IZDHRP) for eliminating the hot-spot or energy-hole issues as faces in (ZDHRP) protocol. The performance of our proposed method is evaluated using MATLAB simulations in an efficient way. Three cases are implemented which are 8 clusters, 16 clusters and 24 clusters. The results of these three cases obtained from simulations shows that our proposed scheme is efficient and increases the lifetime and throughput as compared to other benchmark protocols.